مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 52، زمستان 1396)

After the onset of the Intra-state War in Syria, Democratic Union Party, in spite of a clash with the central government, put on a agenda that was the proxy relation with the regime against armed opposition. Democratic Union Party, on one hand, through support by the central government dominated on power vacuum areas and on the other hand, with the onset of a new round of proxy relations with the Operation Inherent Resolve Coalition, kept the party›s achievements from suppressing and suppression and containment by the central government. Therefore, on the base of the patterns regnant on the proxy relations, this question arises that what will face the fate of the Democratic Union Party›s proxy achievements in the future? It is also hypothesized that the Democratic Union Party›s proxy achievements with the coalition and Syrian government will not be sustainable due to the lack of legal legitimacy and the impact of the interests of government supporters. Therefore, in the present paper, we try to find and design the most probable scenario by using the trend analysis method. The purpose of this paper is to explore new patterns of militant group relations with governments and international institutions that may affect the sovereignty of states where militants operate within their national boundaries.

The developments in the Arab countries and the outcome of revolutionary uprisings are closely related to the military›s involvement in these protests. The main question posed by this article is as follows: What was the approach and role of the army in the Arab revolutions and uprisings? The research hypothesis suggests that in Egypt and Tunisia, the army was placed alongside the revolutionaries. In Libya, army forces broke up in the face of popular protests, and the opponents were able to defeat Gaddafi›s regime in the civil war. In Syria and Yemen, although escaping from the military, it was not enough to break the military›s coherence. In Bahrain, the army adhered to the reign of Al-Khalifa during the opposition protests. Therefore, the approach of the Army to the protest processes has not only been effective but also decisive. This paper is based on analytical-descriptive method and in the form of second-generation theories, especially Johnson and Tilley, and, the influence and impact of the Arab armies on the revolutions and uprisings in th

Given the importance of Iran-Russia partnership in supporting the Syrian government since the outbreak of the civil war in this country, this article has tried to study the goals and interests of Iran and Russia in the Syrian Crisis and to analyze their diverging and converging goals and interests in this issue. In this vein, the main question of the article is that which factors affect Iran-Russia partnership in Syria and to which direction will these factors direct the nature of partnership between the two sides? The main hypothesis of the article is that being in a common front in Syria does not mean that Iran and Syria are completely on the same page in this crisis and the two sides have major differences on issues such as the future of Bashar al-Assad, Hezbollah and the future political structure of Syria. Therefore, it could be said that although the short-term goals guarantee the survival of the partnership in the short term, we can expect basic differences to arise between the two sides in the longer term. The article has been developed based on the explanatory method, using Neorealism as its theoretical framework.

The present paper is looking for explaining the Catalan separatism from Spain from an economic view based on Rational Choice approaches. In doing so, following conceptualization of the subject, rational choice theory is employed to explain the main theme of the paper. A secondary analysis quantitative research method is used to analyze the data required from Spain and Catalonia development statistics. The result of the study suggests: (1) most of the development scales of Catalan region has improved significantly in comparison to recent decades; (2) Catalonia economic development has clear advantages over Spanish national economic performance. So, based on a rational choice theory analysis, it could be said that the theoretical approach used here to explain the development is relative.

This paper attempts to analyze Iran›s foreign policy from the perspective of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this aim, spiritual constructivist approach with attention to historical Constructivism has been used in this paper. In terms of this approach, foreign policy can be understood as harmonize and coordinate words with the world and also the world with words. Concepts like identity, history, narrative and perception are very important in studies of this kind. In order to achieve Saudi Arabia›s understanding of Iran›s foreign policy we have to consider the narrations about Iran which are important in Saudi›s texts. These are narrations about history, identity and political actions. This paper studies why these narrations have been created? In this regard, it analyzes the role of language, meaning, interpretation and intersubjectivity. It focuses on history and identity, as determinant factors of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This article Studies Saudi Arabia›s Texts which areabout Iran before and after the 1979 revolution.

History and politics have long been interacting and transacting and their relationship is as old as civilization itself. The political occurs in the context of history and history transmits its experiences and achievements to the future societies. In Islamic civilization in the Middle Ages, the historian scholars made history a rational structure that saught to escape violence and move toward rationalism in the political. The present article is devoted to exploring the concept of the political in Al-Maqdasī’s the creation and the history. In his practical wisdom, Moghadasi has tied up history and politics, and has turned the opposition of friends and enemies into plurality and the presence of free will in the same human unity. His enlightened view of public history has not made any thought and humanity limitted and allowed all opinions to express themselves to bring the truth to the audience. His historical hermeneutics has raised some genealogy or critical history in the Middle Ages.